Asian Metal: Thanks for accepting our interview. Please introduce your company business firstly.

Mr Zhang: Zhanjiang Dongya Minerals Co., Ltd., founded in 1994, with the registered capital of 38 million yuan, focuses on import, production and sales of zirconium and titanium concentrates. The major products of company include titanium concentrates, rutile, zircon, monazite and xenotime etc..

Asian Metal: From Q1 2017 to Q1 2018, Chinese zircon sand prices kept going up. What do you think was the impetus for the price uplift?

Mr Zhang: I personally think periodicity is the main factor. Zircon prices fell from the last peak of the market in 2011 to the end of 2016, after a period of five years of market decline and bottom consolidation. During the five years of the downturn, the whole industry was affected. The biggest impact should be in the upstream mines and the intermediate mineral processing industry. When the supply falls below the balance of supply and demand, it will continue to decrease due to inertia. The decrease of supply leads to the shortage of supply against demand, and then price increase. This is the cyclical nature of the industry.

The continued rise in prices from 2017 from has been underpinned by a slow recovery in supply. In 2011-2016, several changes took place within zircon sand traditional: Vietnam, restricted by domestic policy of production suspension and environmental factors, saw a substantial reduction in number of mining enterprises and implemented export quota restrictions; Major miners in Australia reduced production, closed down or failed to meet new mining areas. The Indian government has restricted exports by domestic miners and so on, contributing to the increase in price.

Asian Metal: Since June, Chinese zircon sand prices have showed downtrend, how do you consider it?

Mr Zhang: Just after the 2018 lunar New Year, the price of zircon sand increased by over RMB1000/t. Besides, since May, downstream zirconium oxychloride prices began to decrease and zirconium silicate market saw slow demand for environmental and safety supervision factors. Hence, the zircon sand market witnessed slack transactions and minor adjustment on prices over the past month.

Asian Metal: As Chinese market mainly consume overseas zircon sands, I was wondering how you suppose the import price trend in the second half of this year?

Mr Zhang: Yes, overseas zircon sands dominate. I think major international zircon sand suppliers will keep prices to edge up slightly, without slim chances to go down, in H2 2018.

Asian Metal: Zirconium concentrates and tailings are Chinese zircon sands' raw materials. What about the market state from supply and demand perspectives? Would the raw materials' prices keep rising in Q3 and Q4 2018?

Mr Zhang: Zirconium concentrates and tailings, as raw materials, usually follow the steps of zircon sand prices home and abroad.

Asian Metal: Environmental issues have been the focus of rectification in China over the recent two years. Does the strict environmental protection policy have any influence on zircon sand plants or downstream products' production?

Mr Zhang: Since 2016, the government's efforts to improve environmental protection have been significantly strengthened, and the customs has also begun to focus on the issue of radioactive imports of products. This is bound to affect the import of zirconium ores and tailings. A storm of environmental inspection has swept across the country, which has also had a great impact on mineral processing enterprises, resulting in irregular production breaks. Recently, the Qinzhou area in Guangxi has been largely shut down due to environmental impact. The most obvious impact of environmental protection on the downstream industry is the consolidation and closure of the ceramic industry, resulting in the reduction of ceramics factories, which also affects the sales of zirconium silicate and zircon powder.